Premier League 2011/2012

#	Player	Country	Team	points
1.	Robin van Persie	Netherlands	Arsenal FC	40 (30+10)
2.	Sergio Agüero	Argentina	Manchester City	33 (23+10)
3.	Wayne Rooney	England	Manchester United	32 (27+5)
4.	Emmanuel Adebayor	Togo	Tottenham Hotspur	29 (17+12)
5.	Clint Dempsey	USA	Fulham FC	23 (17+6)
	David Silva	Spain	Manchester City	23 (6+17)
7.	Gareth Bale	Wales	Tottenham Hotspur	21 (10+11)
8.	Yakubu Ayegbeni	Nigeria	Blackburn Rovers	19 (17+2)
	Edin Džeko	Bosnia-Herzegovina	Manchester City	19 (14+5)
	Juan Mata	Spain	Chelsea FC	19 (6+13)
11.	Demba Ba	Senegal	Newcastle United	18 (16+2)
	Nani	Portugal	Manchester United	18 (8+10)
	Theo Walcott	England	Arsenal FC	18 (8+10)
	Antonio Valencia	Ecuador	Manchester United	18 (4+14)
15.	Grant Holt	England	Norwich City	17 (15+2)
	Rafael van der Vaart	Netherlands	Tottenham Hotspur	17 (11+6)
17.	Frank Lampard	England	Chelsea FC	16 (11+5)
	Luis Suárez	Uruguay	Liverpool FC	16 (11+5)
	Stéphane Sessègnon	Benin	Sunderland AFC	16 (7+9)
20.	Mario Balotelli	Italy	Manchester City	15 (13+2)
	Papiss Demba Cissé	Senegal	Newcastle United	15 (13+2)
	Danny Graham	England	Swansea City	15 (12+3)
	Peter Crouch	England	Tottenham Hotspur Stoke City	15 (10+5)
	Ashley Young	England	Manchester United	15 (6+9)
25.	Steven Fletcher	Scotland	Wolverhampton Wanderers	14 (12+2)
	Daniel Sturridge	England	Chelsea FC	14 (11+3)
	Peter Odemwingie	Nigeria	West Bromwich Albion	14 (10+4)
	Danny Welbeck	England	Manchester United	14 (9+5)
	Bobby Zamora	England	Fulham FC Queens Park Rangers	14 (7+7)
	Yaya Touré	Ivory Coast	Manchester City	14 (6+8)
	Samir Nasri	France	Arsenal FC Manchester City	14 (5+9)
32.	Jermain Defoe	England	Tottenham Hotspur	13 (11+2)
	Steve Morison	Wales	Norwich City	13 (9+4)
	Matthew Jarvis	England	Wolverhampton Wanderers	13 (8+5)
	Scott Sinclair	England	Swansea City	13 (8+5)
	Jon Walters	Ireland	Stoke City	13 (7+6)
37.	Javier Hernández	Mexico	Manchester United	12 (10+2)
	Ivan Klasnić	Croatia	Bolton Wanderers	12 (8+4)
	Junior Hoilett	Canada	Blackburn Rovers	12 (7+5)
	Fernando Torres	Spain	Chelsea FC	12 (6+6)
	Gabriel Agbonlahor	England	Aston Villa	12 (5+7)
	Hatem Ben Arfa	France	Newcastle United	12 (5+7)
	Kevin Doyle	Ireland	Wolverhampton Wanderers	12 (4+8)
	Wes Hoolahan	Ireland	Norwich City	12 (4+8)
	Alex Song	Cameroon	Arsenal FC	12 (1+11)
46.	Nicklas Bendtner	Denmark	Sunderland AFC Arsenal FC	11 (8+3)
	Adam Johnson	England	Manchester City	11 (6+5)
	Victor Moses	Nigeria	Wigan Athletic	11 (6+5)
	Yohan Cabaye	France	Newcastle United	11 (4+7)
	Chris Eagles	England	Bolton Wanderers	11 (4+7)
	Matthew Etherington	England	Stoke City	11 (3+8)
52.	Darren Bent	England	Aston Villa	10 (9+1)
	Heiðar Helguson	Iceland	Queens Park Rangers	10 (8+2)
	Jamie Mackie	Scotland	Queens Park Rangers	10 (7+3)
	Gylfi Sigurðsson	Iceland	Swansea City	10 (7+3)
	Craig Bellamy	Wales	Liverpool FC	10 (6+4)
	James Morrison	Scotland	West Bromwich Albion	10 (5+5)
	Gervinho	Ivory Coast	Arsenal FC	10 (4+6)
	Steven Pienaar	South Africa	Tottenham Hotspur Everton FC	10 (4+6)
	Ryan Giggs	Wales	Manchester United	10 (2+8)
61.	Nikica Jelavić	Croatia	Everton FC	9 (9+0)
	Shane Long	Ireland	West Bromwich Albion	9 (8+1)
	Anthony Pilkington	Ireland	Norwich City	9 (8+1)
	Franco Di Santo	Argentina	Wigan Athletic	9 (7+2)
	Sebastian Larsson	Sweden	Sunderland AFC	9 (7+2)
	Mikel Arteta	Spain	Arsenal FC Everton FC	9 (7+2)
	Martin Petrov	Bulgaria	Bolton Wanderers	9 (4+5)
	Aaron Lennon	England	Tottenham Hotspur	9 (3+6)
	Danny Murphy	England	Fulham FC	9 (3+6)
	David N'Gog	France	Liverpool FC Bolton Wanderers	9 (3+6)
	Chris Brunt	Northern Ireland	West Bromwich Albion	9 (2+7)
72.	Kevin Davies	England	Bolton Wanderers	8 (6+2)
	Nathan Dyer	England	Swansea City	8 (5+3)
	James McClean	Ireland	Sunderland AFC	8 (5+3)
	Luka Modrić	Croatia	Tottenham Hotspur	8 (4+4)
	Royston Drenthe	Netherlands	Everton FC	8 (3+5)
	Marouane Fellaini	Belgium	Everton FC	8 (3+5)
	Morten Pedersen	Norway	Blackburn Rovers	8 (3+5)
	Charlie Adam	Scotland	Liverpool FC	8 (2+6)
	Aaron Ramsey	Wales	Arsenal FC	8 (2+6)
	Hugo Rodallega	Colombia	Wigan Athletic	8 (2+6)
	Wayne Routledge	England	Swansea City	8 (1+7)
83.	Dimitar Berbatov	Bulgaria	Manchester United	7 (7+0)
	John Terry	England	Chelsea FC	7 (6+1)
	Thomas Vermaelen	Belgium	Arsenal FC	7 (6+1)
	Didier Drogba	Ivory Coast	Chelsea FC	7 (5+2)
	Steven Gerrard	England	Liverpool FC	7 (5+2)
	Ramires	Brazil	Chelsea FC	7 (5+2)
	Joe Allen	Wales	Swansea City	7 (4+3)
	Leon Best	Ireland	Newcastle United	7 (4+3)
	Andy Carroll	England	Liverpool FC	7 (4+3)
	Mark Davies	England	Bolton Wanderers	7 (4+3)
	Leon Osman	England	Everton FC	7 (4+3)
	Stilian Petrov	Bulgaria	Aston Villa	7 (4+3)
	Carlos Tévez	Argentina	Manchester City	7 (4+3)
	Andy Johnson	England	Fulham FC	7 (3+4)
	James Milner	England	Manchester City	7 (3+4)
	Shola Ameobi	Nigeria	Newcastle United	7 (2+5)
	Benoît Assou-Ekotto	Cameroon	Tottenham Hotspur	7 (2+5)
	Bradley Johnson	England	Norwich City	7 (2+5)
	Aleksandar Kolarov	Serbia	Manchester City	7 (2+5)
	Charles N'Zogbia	France	Aston Villa	7 (2+5)
	Steven Nzonzi	France	Blackburn Rovers	7 (2+5)
	Micah Richards	England	Manchester City	7 (1+6)
105.	Djibril Cissé	France	Queens Park Rangers	6 (6+0)
	Pavel Pogrebnyak	Russia	Fulham FC	6 (6+0)
	Jordi Gómez	Spain	Wigan Athletic	6 (5+1)
	Leighton Baines	England	Everton FC	6 (4+2)
	Louis Saha	France	Tottenham Hotspur Everton FC	6 (4+2)
	Joey Barton	England	Newcastle United Queens Park Rangers	6 (3+3)
	Simeon Jackson	Canada	Norwich City	6 (3+3)
	Ben Watson	England	Wigan Athletic	6 (3+3)
	Michael Carrick	England	Manchester United	6 (2+4)
	Damien Duff	Ireland	Fulham FC	6 (2+4)
	Jonás Gutiérrez	Argentina	Newcastle United	6 (2+4)
	Bryan Ruiz	Costa Rica	Fulham FC	6 (2+4)
	Christopher Samba	Congo	Blackburn Rovers	6 (2+4)
	Ryan Taylor	England	Newcastle United	6 (2+4)
	Ashley Cole	England	Chelsea FC	6 (0+6)
	Patrice Evra	France	Manchester United	6 (0+6)
	Jermaine Pennant	England	Stoke City	6 (0+6)
122.	Victor Anichebe	Nigeria	Everton FC	5 (5+0)
	Yossi Benayoun	Israel	Chelsea FC Arsenal FC	5 (4+1)
	Mauro Formica	Argentina	Blackburn Rovers	5 (4+1)
	Cameron Jerome	Grenada	Stoke City	5 (4+1)
	Maximiliano Rodríguez	Argentina	Liverpool FC	5 (4+1)
	Graham Dorrans	Scotland	West Bromwich Albion	5 (3+2)
	David Edwards	Wales	Wolverhampton Wanderers	5 (3+2)
	Stephen Hunt	Ireland	Wolverhampton Wanderers	5 (3+2)
	Vincent Kompany	Belgium	Manchester City	5 (3+2)
	Shaun Maloney	Scotland	Wigan Athletic	5 (3+2)
	Paul Scharner	Austria	West Bromwich Albion	5 (3+2)
	Tim Cahill	Australia	Everton FC	5 (2+3)
	Florent Malouda	French Guyana	Chelsea FC	5 (2+3)
	Jamie O'Hara	England	Wolverhampton Wanderers	5 (2+3)
	Ji-Sung Park	South Korea	Manchester United	5 (2+3)
	Raúl Meireles	Portugal	Chelsea FC Liverpool FC	5 (2+3)
	Kieran Richardson	England	Sunderland AFC	5 (2+3)
	Elliott Bennett	Jamaica	Norwich City	5 (1+4)
	Youssuf Mulumbu	Congo DR	West Bromwich Albion	5 (1+4)
	Gabriel Obertan	France	Newcastle United	5 (1+4)
	Tomáš Rosický	Czech Republic	Arsenal FC	5 (1+4)
	Jean Beausejour	Chile	Wigan Athletic	5 (0+5)
	Mark Gower	England	Swansea City	5 (0+5)
145.	Nigel Reo-Coker	England	Bolton Wanderers	4 (4+0)
	Paul Scholes	England	Manchester United	4 (4+0)
	Andrew Surman	England	Norwich City	4 (4+0)
	Emmerson Boyce	Barbados	Wigan Athletic	4 (3+1)
	Branislav Ivanović	Serbia	Chelsea FC	4 (3+1)
	Michael Kightly	England	Wolverhampton Wanderers	4 (3+1)
	James McArthur	Scotland	Wigan Athletic	4 (3+1)
	Stephen Ward	Ireland	Wolverhampton Wanderers	4 (3+1)
	Marc Albrighton	England	Aston Villa	4 (2+2)
	Ákos Buzsáky	Hungary	Queens Park Rangers	4 (2+2)
	Mousa Dembélé	Belgium	Fulham FC	4 (2+2)
	Phil Jagielka	England	Everton FC	4 (2+2)
	Dong-won Ji	South Korea	Sunderland AFC	4 (2+2)
	Dirk Kuyt	Netherlands	Liverpool FC	4 (2+2)
	Russell Martin	Scotland	Norwich City	4 (2+2)
	Jonas Olsson	Sweden	West Bromwich Albion	4 (2+2)
	Adel Taarabt	Morocco	Queens Park Rangers	4 (2+2)
	Stephen Warnock	England	Aston Villa	4 (2+2)
	David Wheater	England	Bolton Wanderers	4 (2+2)
	Daniel Agger	Denmark	Liverpool FC	4 (1+3)
	Andrey Arshavin	Russia	Arsenal FC	4 (1+3)
	Barry Bannan	Scotland	Aston Villa	4 (1+3)
	Gareth Barry	England	Manchester City	4 (1+3)
	Sylvain Ebanks-Blake	England	Wolverhampton Wanderers	4 (1+3)
	Jonny Evans	Northern Ireland	Manchester United	4 (1+3)
	Stephen Ireland	Ireland	Aston Villa	4 (1+3)
	Ashley Williams	Wales	Swansea City	4 (1+3)
	Gaël Clichy	France	Manchester City	4 (0+4)
	Tony Hibbert	England	Everton FC	4 (0+4)
	Rafael	Brazil	Manchester United	4 (0+4)
	John Arne Riise	Norway	Fulham FC	4 (0+4)
176.	Gary Cahill	England	Chelsea FC Bolton Wanderers	3 (3+0)
	Gary Caldwell	Scotland	Wigan Athletic	3 (3+0)
	Momo Diamé	Senegal	Wigan Athletic	3 (3+0)
	Craig Gardner	England	Sunderland AFC	3 (3+0)
	Robert Huth	Germany	Stoke City	3 (3+0)
	Robbie Keane	Ireland	Aston Villa	3 (3+0)
	Tolis Vellios	Greece	Everton FC	3 (3+0)
	Anderson	Brazil	Manchester United	3 (2+1)
	Keith Andrews	Ireland	West Bromwich Albion	3 (2+1)
	Jay Bothroyd	England	Queens Park Rangers	3 (2+1)
	David Dunn	England	Blackburn Rovers	3 (2+1)
	Marc-Antoine Fortuné	France	West Bromwich Albion	3 (2+1)
	Jordan Henderson	England	Liverpool FC	3 (2+1)
	Laurent Koscielny	France	Arsenal FC	3 (2+1)
	Joleon Lescott	England	Manchester City	3 (2+1)
	Leroy Lita	England	Swansea City	3 (2+1)
	Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain	England	Arsenal FC	3 (2+1)
	Jack Rodwell	England	Everton FC	3 (2+1)
	Ryan Shawcross	England	Stoke City	3 (2+1)
	Martin Škrtel	Slovakia	Liverpool FC	3 (2+1)
	David Vaughan	Wales	Sunderland AFC	3 (2+1)
	Kyle Walker	England	Tottenham Hotspur	3 (2+1)
	Phil Bardsley	Scotland	Sunderland AFC	3 (1+2)
	Bosingwa	Portugal	Chelsea FC	3 (1+2)
	Fraizer Campbell	England	Sunderland AFC	3 (1+2)
	Ciaran Clark	Ireland	Aston Villa	3 (1+2)
	Magaye Gueye	Senegal	Everton FC	3 (1+2)
	Phil Jones	England	Manchester United	3 (1+2)
	Salomon Kalou	Ivory Coast	Chelsea FC	3 (1+2)
	Fabrice Muamba	England	Bolton Wanderers	3 (1+2)
	Steven Reid	Ireland	West Bromwich Albion	3 (1+2)
	Bacary Sagna	France	Arsenal FC	3 (1+2)
	Jerome Thomas	England	West Bromwich Albion	3 (1+2)
	Simon Vukčević	Montenegro	Blackburn Rovers	3 (1+2)
	Àngel Rangel	Spain	Swansea City	3 (0+3)
	Landon Donovan	USA	Everton FC	3 (0+3)
	Roger Johnson	England	Wolverhampton Wanderers	3 (0+3)
	Martin Olsson	Sweden	Blackburn Rovers	3 (0+3)
	Marc Tierney	England	Norwich City	3 (0+3)
	Cheick Tioté	Ivory Coast	Newcastle United	3 (0+3)
	Armand Traoré	Senegal	Arsenal FC Queens Park Rangers	3 (0+3)
	Shaun Wright-Phillips	England	Queens Park Rangers	3 (0+3)
218.	Antolín Alcaráz	Paraguay	Wigan Athletic	2 (2+0)
	André Santos	Brazil	Arsenal FC	2 (2+0)
	David Luiz	Brazil	Chelsea FC	2 (2+0)
	Rory Delap	Ireland	Stoke City	2 (2+0)
	David Goodwillie	Scotland	Blackburn Rovers	2 (2+0)
	Thierry Henry	France	Arsenal FC	2 (2+0)
	Gareth McAuley	Northern Ireland	West Bromwich Albion	2 (2+0)
	Luke Moore	England	Swansea City	2 (2+0)
	Rubén Rochina	Spain	Blackburn Rovers	2 (2+0)
	Tommy Smith	England	Queens Park Rangers	2 (2+0)
	Andreas Weimann	Austria	Aston Villa	2 (2+0)
	Luke Young	England	Aston Villa Queens Park Rangers	2 (2+0)
	Nicolas Anelka	France	Chelsea FC	2 (1+1)
	Leon Barnett	England	Norwich City	2 (1+1)
	Jack Colback	England	Sunderland AFC	2 (1+1)
	Scott Dann	England	Blackburn Rovers	2 (1+1)
	Mahamadou Diarra	Mali	Fulham FC	2 (1+1)
	Ahmed Elmohamady	Egypt	Sunderland AFC	2 (1+1)
	Alejandro Faurlín	Argentina	Queens Park Rangers	2 (1+1)
	Darren Fletcher	Scotland	Manchester United	2 (1+1)
	Darron Gibson	Ireland	Manchester United Everton FC	2 (1+1)
	Jonny Howson	England	Norwich City	2 (1+1)
	Niko Kranjčar	Croatia	Tottenham Hotspur	2 (1+1)
	Eric Lichaj	USA	Aston Villa	2 (1+1)
	Orlandi	Spain	Swansea City	2 (1+1)
	Sam Ricketts	Wales	Bolton Wanderers	2 (1+1)
	Liam Ridgewell	England	West Bromwich Albion	2 (1+1)
	Philippe Senderos	Switzerland	Fulham FC	2 (1+1)
	Ryan Shotton	England	Stoke City	2 (1+1)
	Steven Sidwell	England	Fulham FC	2 (1+1)
	Denis Stracqualursi	Argentina	Everton FC	2 (1+1)
	Taye Taïwo	Nigeria	Queens Park Rangers	2 (1+1)
	Matthew Upson	England	Stoke City	2 (1+1)
	Glenn Whelan	Ireland	Stoke City	2 (1+1)
	Aaron Wilbraham	England	Norwich City	2 (1+1)
	Andrew Crofts	Wales	Norwich City	2 (0+2)
	Anton Ferdinand	England	Sunderland AFC Queens Park Rangers	2 (0+2)
	David Fox	England	Norwich City	2 (0+2)
	Clint Hill	England	Queens Park Rangers	2 (0+2)
	Alan Hutton	Scotland	Aston Villa	2 (0+2)
	Peter Løvenkrands	Denmark	Newcastle United	2 (0+2)
	Ryo Miyaichi	Japan	Bolton Wanderers Arsenal FC	2 (0+2)
	Nicky Shorey	England	West Bromwich Albion	2 (0+2)
	Dean Whitehead	England	Stoke City	2 (0+2)
262.	Dedryck Boyata	Belgium	Bolton Wanderers	1 (1+0)
	Titus Bramble	England	Sunderland AFC	1 (1+0)
	Wes Brown	England	Sunderland AFC	1 (1+0)
	DJ Campbell	England	Queens Park Rangers	1 (1+0)
	Marouane Chamakh	Morocco	Arsenal FC	1 (1+0)
	Sebastián Coates	Uruguay	Liverpool FC	1 (1+0)
	James Collins	Wales	Aston Villa	1 (1+0)
	Crusat	Spain	Wigan Athletic	1 (1+0)
	Ritchie De Laet	Belgium	Norwich City	1 (1+0)
	Shaun Derry	England	Queens Park Rangers	1 (1+0)
	Samba Diakité	Mali	Queens Park Rangers	1 (1+0)
	Richard Dunne	Ireland	Aston Villa	1 (1+0)
	Kieran Gibbs	England	Arsenal FC	1 (1+0)
	Dan Gosling	England	Newcastle United	1 (1+0)
	Danny Guthrie	England	Newcastle United	1 (1+0)
	Grant Hanley	Scotland	Blackburn Rovers	1 (1+0)
	John Heitinga	Netherlands	Everton FC	1 (1+0)
	Chris Herd	Australia	Aston Villa	1 (1+0)
	Emile Heskey	England	Aston Villa	1 (1+0)
	Tim Howard	USA	Everton FC	1 (1+0)
	Glen Johnson	England	Liverpool FC	1 (1+0)
	Kenwyne Jones	Trinidad & Tobago	Stoke City	1 (1+0)
	Younès Kaboul	France	Tottenham Hotspur	1 (1+0)
	Marcos Alonso	Spain	Bolton Wanderers	1 (1+0)
	Orlando Sá	Portugal	Fulham FC	1 (1+0)
	Roman Pavlyuchenko	Russia	Tottenham Hotspur	1 (1+0)
	Darren Pratley	England	Bolton Wanderers	1 (1+0)
	Stefan Savić	Montenegro	Manchester City	1 (1+0)
	Jonjo Shelvey	England	Liverpool FC	1 (1+0)
	Chris Smalling	England	Manchester United	1 (1+0)
	Grétar Steinsson	Iceland	Bolton Wanderers	1 (1+0)
	Somen Tchoyi	Cameroon	West Bromwich Albion	1 (1+0)
	Connor Wickham	England	Sunderland AFC	1 (1+0)
	Pablo Zabaleta	Argentina	Manchester City	1 (1+0)
	Ronald Zubar	Guadeloupe	Wolverhampton Wanderers	1 (1+0)
	Diniyar Bilyaletdinov	Russia	Everton FC	1 (0+1)
	Carlos Cuéllar	Spain	Aston Villa	1 (0+1)
	Steven Caulker	Sierra Leone	Swansea City	1 (0+1)
	Tom Cleverley	England	Manchester United	1 (0+1)
	Francis Coquelin	France	Arsenal FC	1 (0+1)
	Simon Cox	Ireland	West Bromwich Albion	1 (0+1)
	Johan Djourou	Switzerland	Arsenal FC	1 (0+1)
	Michael Essien	Ghana	Chelsea FC	1 (0+1)
	Emmanuel Frimpong	Ghana	Arsenal FC Wolverhampton Wanderers	1 (0+1)
	Zoltán Gera	Hungary	West Bromwich Albion	1 (0+1)
	Gaël Givet	France	Blackburn Rovers	1 (0+1)
	Adam Hammill	England	Wolverhampton Wanderers	1 (0+1)
	Carl Jenkinson	England	Arsenal FC	1 (0+1)
	Billy Jones	England	West Bromwich Albion	1 (0+1)
	David Jones	England	Wigan Athletic	1 (0+1)
	José Enrique	Spain	Liverpool FC	1 (0+1)
	Jake Livermore	England	Tottenham Hotspur	1 (0+1)
	Jason Lowe	England	Blackburn Rovers	1 (0+1)
	Romelu Lukaku	Belgium	Chelsea FC	1 (0+1)
	Sylvain Marveaux	France	Newcastle United	1 (0+1)
	James McCarthy	Ireland	Wigan Athletic	1 (0+1)
	Nenad Milijaš	Serbia	Wolverhampton Wanderers	1 (0+1)
	Kyle Naughton	England	Norwich City	1 (0+1)
	Nedum Onuoha	England	Queens Park Rangers Manchester City	1 (0+1)
	Bradley Orr	England	Blackburn Rovers Queens Park Rangers	1 (0+1)
	Scott Parker	England	Tottenham Hotspur	1 (0+1)
	David Pizarro	Chile	Manchester City	1 (0+1)
	Tim Ream	USA	Bolton Wanderers	1 (0+1)
	Jason Roberts	Grenada	Blackburn Rovers	1 (0+1)
	Paul Robinson	England	Bolton Wanderers	1 (0+1)
	Paul Robinson	England	Blackburn Rovers	1 (0+1)
	Conor Sammon	Ireland	Wigan Athletic	1 (0+1)
	Sandro	Brazil	Tottenham Hotspur	1 (0+1)
	Davide Santon	Italy	Newcastle United	1 (0+1)
	Jay Spearing	England	Liverpool FC	1 (0+1)
	Ronnie Stam	Netherlands	Wigan Athletic	1 (0+1)
	Neil Taylor	Wales	Swansea City	1 (0+1)
	Michael Turner	England	Sunderland AFC	1 (0+1)
	Sam Vokes	Wales	Wolverhampton Wanderers	1 (0+1)
	Elliott Ward	England	Norwich City	1 (0+1)
	Zak Whitbread	USA	Norwich City	1 (0+1)
	Marc Wilson	Ireland	Stoke City	1 (0+1)